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Usage of formylmethionin derivates in tumor immunotherapy (Model melanoma B16-F10)
VLČKOVÁ, Zuzana
Cancerous diseases and alternatives of their therapy belong to one of the most discussed issues of present day. Cancer is one of the most common lifestyle diseases. It is estimated that external factors cause the origin of 75 % of all cancerous diseases. The most influential external factors are hectic lifestyle, obesity, wrong eating habits, smoking, excess of alcohol intake, inappropriate sexual behaviour and negative approach to preventive check-ups and at last the permanently increasing lifespan of the population. The most serious problem is the occurrence of malignant tumors that are diagnosed so late. Therefore, the aggressive therapy is often the choice of treatment. But this kind of therapy often irretrievably damage the health of the patient. Modern medicine tries to find some new ways of cancer therapy. One of them is treatment of tumors by targeted immunotherapy using the naturally occurring matters. The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe and verify the possibility of treatment of malignant melanoma by formylmethionin derivates. The bachelor theses consists of two parts. Theoretical part is focused on describing the issue of cancerous diseases, tumor formation and classification. It focuses on tumors of skin, their diagnostics and possibilities of the therapy, especially of the immunotherapy by innate immunity activation. In experimental part of thesis is described the cultivation of melanoma cell line B16-F10 for in vitro experiments and the transplantation of cells into syngeneic mice strain C57BL/6 from Charles River Laboratories. Melanoma cells B16-F10 in the number of 400 000 cells were transplanted to 8 weeks old mice, which had a weight of 18 - 20 grams. The methods of measuring tumor size and comparing tumor temperature versus mouse body temperature is also described. The result of the first experiment concludes, that therapy of B16--F10 tumor by f-MLF-(K)12 motif bound by charge do not work, because it does not cause phagocytic attack. In second experiment it was found out that B16-F10 tumor therapy by 3mM f-MLF alone does not work, because it does not cause tumor reduction without the LPS in combination. In the third experiment f-MLF motif was used. It was anchored by lipophilic chain with stearic acid, it was used alone or in combination with LPS. In this experiment the complete temporary elimination of tumors occurred, but after therapy termination the tumor growth appeared almost immediately. The mouse treated by this compound survive for more than 52 days than control mice. Due to experiments performed in this bachelor thesis was found out, that anchoring of formylmethionin peptides to tumor cell have positive effect to decrease of tumor volume in successful immunotherapy.
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Benefits of Preventive Programs of Malignant Cancer in the Czech Republic
Matějková, Karolína ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
Due to the constantly increasing epidemiological burden of our population on oncological diseases, nationwide preventive programs for selected types of malignant tumors have been introduced within the Czech health system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate these screenings, such as mammographic screening, cervical screening and screening of the colon and rectum. The subject of the analysis is the mortality rates for breast cancer (C50), cervix (C53) and colon and rectum cancer (C18-21) between 1994 and 2015. The main focus is on question of whether the development of the mortality rate for selected neoplasms depends on the degree of coverage rate by a preventive program.
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Alternative methods of therapy for oncology patients
BĚLOHLAVÁ, Nikola
Breast carcinoma or breast cancer is one of women?s most often diagnosed tumors in the Czech republic. Several types of scientific treatment are currently available nevertheless it is a very serious disease. It is understandable that women suffering from breast cancer and all cancer patients and their relatives expend considerable effort to obtain information about all types of available treatments which can reverse the unfavorable diagnosis. Very often they resort to some form of alternative therapy. Alternative medicine provides a large choice of methods. But the problem is, that positive effects of alternative therapies are not checked (14). Oncological diseases are very serious, therefore alternative therapies pose a risk to oncology patients when they replace scientific treatments as an alternative. The aim of this thesis is to determine the opinion of women with breast cancer on alternative therapies. The component aims of this work are to find out what the women know about the risks and types of alternative therapy methods in oncology, how women?s point of view on this kind of therapy changes, how these methods affected their life and which of this methods are the most popular with women with breast carcinoma. I deal with the biological and psychosocial aspects of breast cancer in the theoretical part of this thesis and then classical and alternative therapies of treatment which can be used during the treatment. The question of the disease of breast cancer is a very individual sphere. It is assumed that information of intimate character will be used. I considered it suitable for this purpose to use a qualitative form of research. I chose the technique of semi-structured interviews. I prepared a list of instructive questions and then added additional questions as required. The respondants to the interviews I recruited using the technique snowball. I found the contacts through a woman who I know very well. The interviews with the women were processed in the form of case studies, I prepared 7 case studies. 11 women were asked but 4 women refused to participate. I divided the women into 3 categories according to their opinion of the alternative therapies of treatment for their disease. Common factor was that non of the women t disturbed or neglected the prescribed plan of treatment provided by a team of specialists. Two of the women momentarily wanted to finish the classical prescribed treatment. The largest part of respondents was favorably inclined toward the alternative methods of treatment. Two women stated that they are sure that the alternative methods were successful. Two respondents said that they have a positive opinion on this treatment, but they are not sure of the positive effect of alternative therapies. Three other respondents had the opposite opinion on the alternative therapies in oncology. One of these women said that her bad opinion of alternative therapies was caused the terrible experience her friend had with alternative medicine. Almost all respondents used one of the alternative methods during their disease despite the fact that most women do not believe in the positive effects. Two women were not aware of the use of any kind of this therapy. The most commonly used methods were food supplements. The minority part of women (2) used biotronics, homeopathy and acupuncture.
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